Withdrawal, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Craving in Gaming Disorder – Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review aims to synthesise and summarise the available evidence on the definitions of craving and withdrawal, the nature and presence of withdrawal symptoms, the duration of abstinence, the prevalence and nature of craving.

RESULTS: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Inconsistencies were revealed in definitions of craving and abstinence, as well as in the specific withdrawal symptoms that might be present among players. Furthermore, there is a predominance of exploration of affective symptoms compared to cognitive and physical symptoms. Mini meta-analyses indicate a significant difference in depression, anxiety, and craving between players with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and regular players. Most studies typically used short-term abstinence, during which participants refrain from specific behaviours for periods ranging from a few days. A majority of studies did not provide information on the occurrence of craving.

CONCLUSIONS: Emphasizing craving reduction may alleviate gaming-related withdrawal severity. Longitudinal and qualitative research is essential for understanding craving and withdrawal phenomenology. Bridging the empirical-clinical gap in gaming disorder requires interdisciplinary studies. Investigating prevalent withdrawal symptoms aids in comprehensive research and refined treatments. Prioritizing craving assessment before, during, and after abstinence is crucial.