Conditional Probabilities of Substance Use Disorders and Associated Risk Factors
Highlights
Pre-existing mental disorders increases the risk of developing SUD.
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Dopamine Neurons Projecting to Medial Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens Drive Heroin Reinforcement
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading to compulsive consumption. While much experimental...
Sex-Dependent Effects of in Utero Cannabinoid Exposure on Cortical Function
Abstract
Cannabinoids can cross the placenta, thus may interfere with fetal endocannabinoid signaling during neurodevelopment, causing long-lasting deficits. Despite increasing reports of cannabis consumption during pregnancy, the...
Cannabis Use and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Abstract
Cannabis use is observationally associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, but whether the relationship is causal is not known. Using a genetic approach, we took 10 independent genetic variants previously identified to...
Access to Care for People with Alcohol Use Disorder in France
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern worldwide. In France, only 10% of people with AUD (PWAUD) receive medical care. General practitioners (GP) are one of the main entry points for AUD care...
Effectiveness Bank Analysis. REVISED: Strong Therapeutic Relationships Help Clients Get Where They Want to Be
Comprehensive review for the American Psychological Association concludes that the working relationship between clients and counsellors/therapists is one of the largest and most consistent determinants of outcomes. Includes practice...
Effectiveness Bank Analysis: ‘Therapist Know Thyself’
‘Therapist know thyself’ is the Socratic injunction strongly suggested by findings amalgamated for the American Psychological Association. Across all relevant studies, counsellors and therapists with the self-awareness and abilities to...
Overcoming Clinician and Parent Ambivalence: General Practitioners' Support of Children of Parents with Physical or Mental Illness and/or Substance Abuse
Children who are next of kin to parents with physical or mental illness and/or substance abuse need access to mental health support and several cost-effective interventions are available. Because most parents in the target group often...
Frequency of Use Among Middle and High School Student Tobacco Product Users
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Most tobacco product use begins during adolescence or young adulthood, increasing the risk for lifelong nicotine addiction and adverse health effects.
What is added by this report?
...Adversity, Cannabis Use and Psychotic Experiences
Abstract
Background
There is robust evidence that childhood adversity is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. There is, however, little research on intervening factors that might increase or decrease risk following...
Substance Use Disorders among Veterans
It is recognised that veterans are more likely to experience a range of mental health conditions such as anxiety, major depression, substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many individuals use substances as a coping...
Improvement in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders through Adopting Evidence-Based Practices in Pakistan
Background: The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s 2014 survey estimated that there are 6.7 million Pakistanis aged 15-64 who are illegal substance users. In 2014, Pakistan’s drug treatment capacities remained insufficient to meet...
Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in a Large National Sample of Patients Receiving Opioid Substitution Treatment in Germany
Abstract
Background
Knowledge of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST) is limited and fragmented. The present study examines the HRQOL of a large national sample of OST...
HIV Prevention Intervention for Substance Users: A Review of the Literature
Abstract
Background
Behavioral Interventions are needed to prevent HIV in substance users, which is associated with higher risk for contracting HIV via unprotected sexual intercourse or syringe-based exposure. We reviewed universal...
Acute Effects of Smoked and Vaporized Cannabis in Healthy Adults Who Infrequently Use Cannabis
Key Points
Question: How does smoked and vaporized cannabis acutely influence subjective drug effects, cognitive and psychomotor performance, and cardiovascular measures in healthy adults who infrequently use cannabis (>30 days since...
Wound Botulism Outbreak Among Persons Who Use Black Tar Heroin — San Diego County, California, 2017–2018
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Wound botulism is a rare but serious illness associated with black tar heroin use, especially by subcutaneous injection (skin popping).
What is added by this report?
During...
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Nonsmokers
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke can cause sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory infections, ear infections, and asthma attacks in infants and children, and coronary heart...
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Alternans in a Mouse Model
Abstract
Background:
Epidemiological evidence suggests that a majority of deaths attributed to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are cardiovascular related. However, to our knowledge, the impact of SHS on cardiac electrophysiology, Ca2...
ÁLCOOL E RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO: MOTIVAÇÕES E VULNERABILIDADES NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ADOLESCENTES
Elaine Lucas Dos Santos: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (Nepsis), Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp).
Emérita Sátiro Opaleye: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Uso de Substâncias (Nepsis)...
Drugs Most Frequently Involved in Drug Overdose Deaths: United States, 2011–2016
Abstract
Objective: This report identifies the specific drugs involved most frequently in drug overdose deaths in the United States from 2011 through 2016.
Methods: Record-level data from the 2011–2016 National Vital Statistics System...