Opioid medication for chronic pain can be an effective treatment. Most patients take the medication as prescribed, however some individuals can become addicted to the drug, leading to opioid misuse. Prescription opioid misuse is a significant public health concern that can result in severe health and psychological risks. 

An intervention that has shown to be effective in reducing chronic pain patients' misuse of opioids is Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE)- a  therapeutic approach that integrates mindfulness training, cognitive reappraisal skills, and positive emotion...

Substance use is one way that people deal with the difficult symptoms present in mood and anxiety disorders. As people become more reliant on the effects of the substances to relieve distress the use can develop into dependence. Self‐medication has been proposed as a reason for the high rates of comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorders and substance use disorders.

A recent review, published in the Journal of Depression and Anxiety, has examined the current literature on the prevalence of substance use as self-medication, the comorbidity between mood and anxiety disorders and substance...