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New Data on Opioid Use and Prescribing in the United States
The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic. Between 1999 and 2010, prescription opioid–related overdose deaths increased substantially in parallel with increased prescribing of opioids.
In 2015, opioid-involved drug...
Contrasting Trends of Smoking Cessation Status
Abstract
Objective
The World Health Organization recommends that smokers be offered help to quit. A better understanding of smokers’ interest in and commitment to quitting could guide tobacco control efforts. We assessed temporal...
Tobacco Use in Top-Grossing Movies — United States, 2010–2016
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
The Surgeon General has concluded that there is a causal relationship between depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young persons. The more frequently youths...
An Integrative Overview of the Cannabinergic System and Mental Health
ABSTRACT
Background: The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) is one of the modulatory systems widely expressed in the brain. It consists of receptors expressed in the cytoplasmic (CB1 and CB2), the mitochondrial membrane (CB1), and the...
Contextual Factors Associated with Marijuana Use in School Population
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Marijuana use among the student population has increased in Mexico and Latin America. There are social, interpersonal and individual factors associated with the onset and continuation of marijuana use. These include...
Building Smart Cannabis Policy from the Science Up
ABSTRACT
Social attitudes and cultural norms around the issue of substance abuse are shifting rapidly around the world, leading to complex and unpredictable consequences. On the positive side, efforts to more intensely disseminate the...
Alcohol and Cannabis: Comparing their Adverse Health Effects and Regulatory Regimes
ABSTRACT
The claim that the adverse health effects of cannabis are much less serious than those of alcohol has been central to the case for cannabis legalisation. Regulators in US states that have legalised cannabis have adopted regulatory...
How Economic Recessions and Unemployment Affect Illegal Drug Use
ABSTRACT
Background: Economic recessions may influence illegal drug use via different mechanisms, for example increased use due to more psychological distress or decreased use due to lower income and purchasing power. This paper reviews...
An Approach to the New Psychoactive Drugs Phenomenon
ABSTRACT
Background: The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on international narcotics. The concept also includes new contexts and new routes of consumption...
Web-Based Alcohol Intervention: Study of Systematic Attrition of Heavy Drinkers
ABSTRACT
Background: Web-based alcohol interventions are a promising way to reduce alcohol consumption because of their anonymity and the possibility of reaching a high number of individuals including heavy drinkers. However, web-based...
Financial Incentives for Reducing Smoking and Promoting Other Health-Related Behavior Change in Vulnerable Populations
ABSTRACT
Substantial reductions in U.S. cigarette smoking and associated chronic diseases over the past 50 years have benefited health. Unfortunately, those reductions have distributed unevenly throughout the population. Smoking remains...
Marijuana on the Mind? The Impact of Marijuana on Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function, and Related Public Policy Implications
Abstract
Although marijuana (MJ) has been used for thousands of years, the public’s opinion of MJ has shifted drastically over the past century, leaving many wondering about its potential risks and benefits. This article summarizes researc...
Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014–2016
Abstract
To quantify the prevalence of 10 quit methods commonly used by adult cigarette smokers, we used data from a nationally representative longitudinal (2014–2016) online survey of US adult cigarette smokers (n = 15,943). Overall, 74.7...
Mortality Risk During and After Opioid Substitution Treatment
ABSTRACT
Objective
To compare the risk for all cause and overdose mortality in people with opioid dependence during and after substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine and to characterise trends in risk of mortality after...
The Societal Cost of Heroin Use Disorder in the United States
ABSTRACT
Objective
Heroin use in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. The objective of this paper is to estimate the annual societal cost of heroin use disorder in the United States in 2015 US dollars.
Methods
An analytic...
Moderate Alcohol Consumption as Risk Factor for Adverse Brain Outcomes and Cognitive Decline
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption has a favourable or adverse association or no association with brain structure and function.
Design: Observational cohort study with weekly alcohol intake and...
Personality-Targeted Substance Use Interventions: Do They Work?
Do high-risk pupils benefit more so from psychological interventions than standard drug education initiatives?
Much research suggests there are, in fact, a number of significantly positive effects associated with the former.
What is more...
A Growing Issue: An Increased Number Are Entering Drug Treatment for Cannabis Use Across Europe
New research published in the journal European Addiction Research paints a picture of drug treatment services for cannabis-related problems between 2003 – 2014 across 22 European countries.
Notably, it suggests that, on the whole, during...
For Whom Does Prison-Based Drug Treatment Work? Results from a Randomized Experiment
For the first time in a prison setting, a randomised trial has rigorously compared intensive residential therapeutic community treatment to outpatient counselling. Confounding expectations, the US prison for problem drug users which hosted...
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