This article explores medical, midwifery, and nurse practitioner students’ attitudes about women who may consume alcohol throughout their pregnancies. Twenty-one health care students responded to a scenario-based vignette...
What is already known about this topic?
The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that the burden of death and disease from tobacco use in the United States is overwhelmingly caused by cigarettes and other combusted tobacco...
Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) are patterns of substance use leading to severe impairment on social, working and economic levels. In vivo and clinical findings have enhanced the role of the brain's stress-related system in...
Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a common comorbidity in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there have been few studies on cognitive profiles of these patients. Impulsivity is also commonly...
Background: Medical student wellness has emerged as an important issue in medical education. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a comprehensive assessment of substance use, psychological distress, and help-seeking...
Background: Topiramate (TPM) is suggested to be a promising medication for treatment of methamphetamine (METH) dependence, but the molecular basis remains to be elucidated.
Methods: Among 140 METH-dependent participants randomly assigned...
Introduction: Both heroin use and depression are significant health problems. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can be of great benefit to heroin users. However, changes in the level of depression in heroin users during MMT are not...
Alcohol-impaired driving remains the deadliest and costliest danger on U.S. roads today. Every day in the United States, 29 people die in an alcohol-impaired driving crash—one death every 49 minutes. After decades of progress, alcohol...
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant used by approximately 52 million people worldwide. Chronic MA abuse leads to detrimental physiological and neurological changes, as well as increases in...
Cocaine addiction is characterized by dysfunction in reward-related brain circuits, leading to maladaptive motivation to seek and take the drug. There are currently no clinically available pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine addiction...
Background: Smoking contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, but the extent to which this contribution has changed over time and driven widening or narrowing inequalities in total mortality remains unknown. We...
Key studies on the how the functioning of treatment organisations affects the implementation and impacts of improvements. Introduces two high-quality, evidence-based US quality improvement resources, and asks what makes a treatment service...
Number processing is a cognitive domain particularly sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure, which relies on intact parietal functioning. Alcohol-related alterations in brain activation have been found in the parietal lobe during symbolic...
Disproportionate volume reductions in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampus have been reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). However, few studies have investigated these reductions in high prevalence...
The questions whether and how empathy for pain can be modulated by acute alcohol intoxication in the non-dependent population remain unanswered. To address these questions, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study design was...
Amanda Kerry, Claire V Crooks
Introduction: Over one-third of Canadian youth have engaged in some form of delinquent behavior by the age of 14 (Savoie, 2006). In the United States, approximately 31 million youth are under juvenile court...
Elizabeth A Wieling, Jaime Ballard, Christopher Mehus, Damir Utrzan
Introduction: Increasing numbers of children are fleeing to the United States after exposure to war and conflict. Children exposed to war have high rates of negative...
Suzy Clarkson, Judy Hutchings
KiVa is a Finnish anti-bullying programme, developed at Turku University. It is based on robust research by the programme developer, Christina Salmivalli, that shows how the responses of bystanders maintain...
Anthony Shakeshaft
Introduction: Adolescents exposed to multiple, co-occurring risk factors experience disproportionately high rates of harm, and Indigenous adolescents are over-represented in this population. Despite this, little is...
