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Public Health
The intersection of substance use with broader public health concerns.
El consumo del cannabis y sus repercusiones
FRAGMENTO
Durante los últimos 20 años, el uso recreativo del cannabis se ha vuelto muy común, semejante al consumo de tabaco, especialmente entre los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.
Los médicos generales se ven frecuentemente confrontados...
Association of Parental Supply of Alcohol with Adolescent Drinking, Alcohol-Related Harms, and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms
Summary
Background
Some parents supply alcohol to their children, reportedly to reduce harm, yet longitudinal research on risks associated with such supply is compromised by short periods of observation and potential confounding. We aimed...
Pharmacotherapy of Apnea by Cannabimimetic Enhancement, the PACE Clinical Trial: Effects of Dronabinol in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abstract
Study Objectives
There remains an important and unmet need for fully effective and acceptable treatments in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). At present, there are no approved drug treatments. Dronabinol has shown promise for OSA...
Alcohol and Older People: A Systematic Review of Barriers, Facilitators and Context of Drinking in Older People and Implications for Intervention Design
Abstract
Background
Harmful alcohol consumption in older people has increased and effective approaches to understanding and addressing this societal concern are needed.
Methods
Systematic review of qualitative studies in older...
State-Specific Prevalence of Tobacco Product Use among Adults
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite recent declines in cigarette smoking prevalence, the tobacco product landscape has...
Family History of Alcoholism and the Human Brain Response to Oral Sucrose
Abstract
A heightened hedonic response to sweet tastes has been associated with increased alcohol preference and alcohol consumption in both humans and animals. The principal goal of this study was to examine blood oxygenation level...
Prenatal Methadone Exposure Is Associated with Altered Neonatal Brain Development
Abstract
Methadone is used for medication-assisted treatment of heroin addiction during pregnancy. The neurodevelopmental outcome of children with prenatal methadone exposure can be sub-optimal. We tested the hypothesis that brain...
The Diverse Reasons for Using Novel Psychoactive Substances
Abstract
Background
The increasing number of legally ambiguous and precarious Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitutes a challenge for policy makers and public health. Scientific and more in-depth knowledge about the motivations...
“No Alcohol Is Recommended, but . . .”: Health Care Students’ Attitudes about Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
Abstract
Canadian findings suggest that health care providers require further training and education to support their work preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the knowledge and training of health care students in...
Health Care Students’ Attitudes about Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
Abstract
This article explores medical, midwifery, and nurse practitioner students’ attitudes about women who may consume alcohol throughout their pregnancies. Twenty-one health care students responded to a scenario-based vignette...
Current Cigarette Smoking among US Adults
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that the burden of death and disease from tobacco use in the United States is overwhelmingly caused by cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products...
Cognition and Impulsivity in Adults with ADHD with and without Cocaine and/or Crack Dependence
Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a common comorbidity in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there have been few studies on cognitive profiles of these patients. Impulsivity is also commonly...
Gender Differences in Substance Use and Psychiatric Distress among Medical Students
ABSTRACT
Background: Medical student wellness has emerged as an important issue in medical education. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a comprehensive assessment of substance use, psychological distress, and help-seeking...
Getting to Zero Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities: A Comprehensive Approach to a Persistent Problem
Alcohol-impaired driving remains the deadliest and costliest danger on U.S. roads today. Every day in the United States, 29 people die in an alcohol-impaired driving crash—one death every 49 minutes. After decades of progress, alcohol...
Effect of Exercise versus Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or no Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Fitness and Quality of Life in Adults with Previous Methamphetamine Dependency
Abstract
Background
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant used by approximately 52 million people worldwide. Chronic MA abuse leads to detrimental physiological and neurological changes, as well as increases in...
Contribution of Smoking to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality
Abstract
Background: Smoking contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, but the extent to which this contribution has changed over time and driven widening or narrowing inequalities in total mortality remains unknown. We...
Altered Parietal Activation during Non-symbolic Number Comparison in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Number processing is a cognitive domain particularly sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure, which relies on intact parietal functioning. Alcohol-related alterations in brain activation have been found in the parietal lobe during symbolic...
Reductions in Corpus Callosum Volume Partially Mediate Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on IQ
Disproportionate volume reductions in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampus have been reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). However, few studies have investigated these reductions in high prevalence...
Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Empathic Neural Responses for Pain
The questions whether and how empathy for pain can be modulated by acute alcohol intoxication in the non-dependent population remain unanswered. To address these questions, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study design was...